Water treatments are a procedure that is carried out to improve the quality of water for specific uses.

Water treatment can be divided into two main categories: chemical treatment and physical treatment.

Chemical treatment is used to remove harmful chemicals from water, such as heavy metals, nitrates, and phosphates.

Physical treatment is used to improve water quality, such as removing sediment, eliminating pathogenic organisms and reducing turbidity.

These treatments are carried out to ensure that water is safe for drinking, as well as for domestic, industrial, and recreational uses. A common chemical treatment of water is disinfection. This is done to eliminate harmful micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and algae.

Disinfection can be done with chlorine, ozone, ultraviolet light or heat. These methods can kill, inactivate or inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms. Another important chemical treatment is the removal of heavy metals. Heavy metals can be toxic to humans, and prolonged exposure can lead to serious diseases, such as cancer. Common methods for removing heavy metals include adsorption with charcoal and salting out.

Physical treatment is also used to improve water quality. These treatments include sedimentation to remove suspended solids, flocculation to remove finer suspended solids, filtration to remove smaller suspended and dissolved solids and clarification to reduce turbidity.

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